Phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks. Due to its high reactivity it is never found as a free element in nature on Earth. The first form of phosphorus to be discovered was white phosphorus in 1669, this emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen hence its name which comes from Greek mythology and means "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus.
It is a component of DNA and also the phospholipids that form all cell membranes. It is therefore an essential element for all living cells. The most important commercial use of phosphorus-based chemicals is the production of fertilizers.
Compounds are also widely used in explosives, nerve agents, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste and detergents.
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